Computer Operating Systems Education Free Essay Example, 4250 words

Has had various levels and types of training, and it can be said that each person has an individual way of learning and retaining their information on the usage of operating systems and applications. What worked well for one person may not be the best way for another person. It all depends on the way a specific person learns. Employees at every level are required to operate a computer in virtually every work environment. Employers assume candidates know how to properly operate a computer when applying for a position. An employee is given the basic instructions on how to operate the applications needed to do their task (Nelson Chaney 1987). The first few weeks can be stressful as the new worker, with little more then a few hours of training from a coworker is expected to show full productivity. Some workers display an ease and comfort doing their daily tasks, while other workers plug away building a level of more frustration and stress. The Self Efficacy Theory (Bandura, 1994) can be used to form a baseline of my research. We will write a custom essay sample on Computer Operating Systems Education or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page The Social Cognitive Theory (Bandura, 1977a; 1986;1989) and Self Efficacy Theory can help explain the stages of learning. I believe a solid basic knowledge of Operating Systems is a tool to achieve skills that are more advanced.

The Effects Of Sugar On Our Health - 983 Words

Addicted: sugar is slowly killing us Sugar is an extremely addicting substance and studies demonstrate that excessive amounts of sugar are detrimental to our health. The more sugar we consume, the more research is conducted to show the harmful effects that this substance has on our health. Over the past 20 years, the increase in fructose and sucrose has directly contributed to the global decline in health. Evidence supports the conclusion that sugar can have the same effects on the brain as addictive drugs. Releasing dopamine and lighting up the same parts of the brain as the narcotic, thus, making this substance highly addicting. According to Ahmed, Guillem and Vandaele’s article, â€Å"Sugar addiction† â€Å"The biological robustness in the neural substrates of sugar and sweet reward may be sufficient to explain why many people can have difficulty to control the consumption of foods high in sugar when continuously exposed to them†. The increase of added sugar in our foods has led to the obesity epidemic currently in North America. Sugar has very damaging impacts on the body because it is the major factor contributing to obesity, the leading factor of heart disease and the main cause of developing resistance to the Leptis hormone. Furthermore, the United States of America is suffering from an obesity epidemic that has been increasing over the past 20 years. Currently, the percentage of adults over the age of 20 that are overweight is 69%,Show MoreRelatedEssay On How We Are Blinded By Sugar And Its Sweetness916 Words   |  4 PagesHow We Are Blinded by Sugar and Its Sweetness We all love a little sugar in our meals and in our drinks. It makes everything we consume taste that much better. The absence of sugar is definitely noticeable as everything would taste bland. While you’re too busy stuffing your face with those delicious desserts, did the thought ever cross your mind that what you are consuming is what may eventually lead to your death? And before you choose to dismiss this claim, here are some things you should takeRead MorePersuasive Speech: The Bad Effects of Sugar1231 Words   |  5 PagesPurpose: I want to persuade my audience that sugar is a dangerous drug that is damaging America?s health. Thesis Statement: We need to know why we are addicted to sugar, how can stop the addiction, and the positive effects kicking the sugar habit will have on our lives. Attention: Are you a sugarholic? Do you eat refined sugar everyday? Can you go more than one day without eating some type of sugar containing food? Have you ever hidden candy in your home in an effort not to share them with anyoneRead MoreSucralose: the Effects on the Human Body Essay1238 Words   |  5 Pageshead: Sucralose: The effects on the Human body Sucralose: The effects on the Human body W. F. Ingram Brandman University Author Note This outline was prepared for FSNU-200: Human Nutrition, taught by Dr. Ludwig Abstract In this paper, I will discuss the impact that artificial sweeteners are having on the American Diet. I will explore the artificial sweetener Sucralose, in detail. I will describe, in brief, the history and uses of Sucralose. I will explore the effects that Sucralose hasRead MoreThe Addictive Nature Of Sugar1600 Words   |  7 Pagescould be so bad about sugar? Sugar, real and artificial, can be found in almost every product we consume and although sugar is a simple carbohydrate that the body uses for energy, its impact on our body is far from simple. The consumption of sugar has been linked to a host of chronic health problems, including obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. The addictive nature of sugar is also a significant problem that leads to the other detrimental effects listed above. Sugar has also been usefulRead MoreEssay about Dangers of Splenda1569 Words   |  7 PagesAlex Kalman Topic: Why sugar substitutes are dangerous for your health Specific Purpose: To persuade the audience that sugar substitutes aren’t really what the general public think they are and can be potentially unsafe for your body Thesis: Overall, recent studies have shown that sugar substitutes isn’t and can cause potential health problems. Introduction: I. How many times have you gone to the condiment bar of an eating establishment and reached for the Splenda or Sweet N LowRead MoreWhat Makes A White Christmas?1464 Words   |  6 Pageswhite substance the holiday wouldn’t be complete without; Sugar, which is in desperate need of government regulation that promotes health education and a limited intake has been entrenched into our culture. Without it we don’t have fruitcake, gingerbread houses, or eggnog. This isn’t a new tradition either. we’ve been domesticating sugar cane for approximately 10,000 years, using sugars as a valuable tool to survive the winter. However â€Å"Sugar is a poison by itself when consumed at high doses†(LustigRead MoreThe Consumption Of Fast Food Essay1608 Words   |  7 Pagesthis paper is to provide evidence that the consumption of fast food has a detrimental effect on the quality of society’s overall dental health. With the growth of the fast food industry over the last sixty years, Americans and global citizens have altered their eating habits by consuming a higher level of processed foods with additives and preservatives. The typical diet is comprised of foods high in refined sugars and fermentable carbohydrates instead of natural foods such as fruits, vegetables andRead MoreShould Sugar Be Regulated?1338 Words   |  6 PagesSugar is everywhere in our lives. When you eat, sugar is in the food such as hamburger, sandwiches, pizza, bread, etc. When you drink, sugar is in the beverage like soda, juice, coffee and even milk. Furthermore, sugar exists in snacks such as cookies, cupcakes, biscuits and so on. I cannot list everything with sugar here. Actually, when we eat, we eat sugar. Unfortunately, sugar is now considering a toxic to our bodies. It causes diseases like obesity, diabetes, heart attack and cancer, etc. AsRead MoreDr. Robert Lustig s A Professor Of A University Program1258 Words   |  6 PagesLustig is the director of a university program known as the WATCH program, or Weight Assessment for Teen and Child Health. Furthermore, Dr. Lustig spearheaded the non-profit Institute for Proper Nutrition where he serves as co-founder and President. He educates and lectures about the dangers of sugar, and his presence became well known in 2009 after his recorded medical lecture titled, â€Å"Sugar: The Bitter Truth† gained the attention of the public and went viral on YouTube. Dr. Lustig has written over oneRead MoreAmerican Food Industry : Needs Government Regulation Essay1599 Words   |  7 PagesAmerican Food Industry: Needs Government Regulation Remember when the tobacco industry was on trial and being held accountable for their illicit marketing and targeting tactics to further profits all the while denying any health issues associated? America has a similar issue but not as illuminated as the tobacco industry resulting in the surgeon general’s warning. This issue is free to market to children, free to market wherever profits are foreseeable, and free to label products to become more

Philips vs Matsushita Free Essays

Philips vs Matsushita: A New Century, A New Round HBS 9-302-049 Discussion Questions: 1. How did Philips become the leading consumer electronics company after the Second World War and what were its key capabilities? (NOs-organizational development) Post-war situation: * (At the very beginning, Philips made only light-bulbs, this one-product focus and Gerard’s technological prowess enabled the company to create significant innovations. * The labs developed a tungsten metal filament bulb that was a great commercial success and gave Philips the financial strength to compete against its giant rivals. We will write a custom essay sample on Philips vs Matsushita or any similar topic only for you Order Now Philips started to export in 1899. * In 1912, Philips started building sales organizations in the US, Canada, and France. In many foreign countries Philips created local joint venture to gain market acceptance. * In 1919, Philips entered into the Principal Agreement with General Electric, giving each company the use of the other’s patents. Philips conducted a decentralized sales organization with autofocus marketing companies in 14 European countries, China, Brazil, and Australia. * During the period, Philips broadened its product line significantly. During the late 1930s, it transferred its overseas assets to two trusts, moved most of its vital research laboratories and top management. Therefore, individual country organizations became more independent during the war. * Built post-war organization on the strengths of the national organizations. (NOs) * Their greatly increased self-sufficiency during the war had allowed most to become adept at responding to country-specific m arket conditions-a capacity that became a valuable asset in the post-war era. After War: * Cross-functional coordination capability. Foreign operations. * Decrease the number of products marketed, build scale by concentrating production, and increase products flows across NOs. * Close the least efficient local plants and convert the best into International Production Centres, each supplying many NOs. * Close inefficient operations and focused on core operations. * Designed various businesses as core and non-core. * * In 1912, as the electric lamp industry began to show signs of overcapacity, Philips started building sales organizations in the US, Canada, and France. In many foreign countries Philips created local joint ventures to gain market acceptance. * Built post-war organization on the strengths of the national organizations. (NOs) Their greatly increased self-sufficiency during the war had allowed most to become adept at responding to country-specific market conditions-a capacity that became a valuable asset in the post-war era. * In the environment where consumer preferences and economic conditions varied, the independent NOs had a great advantage in being able to sense and respond to the differences. Eventually, responsiveness extended beyond adaptive marketing. * NOs had the real power, they reported directly to the management board to ensure that top management remained in contact with the highly autonomous NOs. Each NO also regularly sent envoys to Eindhoven to represent its interests. * International Concern Council to formalize-regular meetings with the heads of all major NOs. * Cross-functional coordination capability * Foreign operations Problems In the late 1960s, the creation of the European Common Market eroded trade barriers and diluted the rationale for independent country subsidiaries. New transistor-based technologies demanded larger production runs than most national plants could justify, and many of Philips’ competitors were moving production of electronics to new facilities in low-wage areas in Asia and South America. * Simultaneously, Philips’ ability to bring its innovative products to market began to falter. Too decentralized, slow responding to global market because of cooperation complexity between NOs and PDs (CEO words) * The European market tended to become more centralized due to the disappearance of trade barriers in late 1960s. Philips’s formal globalized organization (strategy) shows its weakness and prevents Philips from further development. * IPC to control NOs—tilting matrix to PD, more centralized * Lack of global cooperation, like more manufacturing in developing countries * No strategy—life style—downsize unrelated products Marketing problem 2. How was Matsushita able to overtake Philips? What were its strategic competences and how were these embedded in its organisation structure? * How: Matsushita recognized the potential mass-market of VCR and considerably expanded through increasing VCR sales and licencing the VHS format to other manufacture. However, at that time Philips’ ability to bring its innovative products to market began to fa lter. Even if it invented the most superior format V2000 videocassette, it failed to commercialized it and had to outsource a VHS product which it manufactured under license from Matsushita * Strategic competences of Matsushita: internal competition among small business spurs growth by leveraging technology to develop new products, strong control as well as support from Japan promoted total efficiency * Organisation structure: Matsushita used the divisional structure(small businesses, corporate funds, CRL product development) and maintained strong control over their operations through two ways of reporting, directly to appropriate product division or to METC 3. How did Matsushita’s capabilities and structure later lead to disadvantages? * As Matsushita grows bigger and bigger, more materials purchasing from the local and overseas countries claims more localization, communication between subsidiaries and Japan became difficult and control from Japan deteriorates * Expansion faced bo ttleneck and Matsushita needed more creativity to promote growth, but the operation localizations lack of innovative capability as they act primarily as the implementation arms of Japanese-based product divisions 4. Why do both firms find it difficult to build new capabilities and what advice would you offer them? How to cite Philips vs Matsushita, Papers

Social Justice Paper free essay sample

Christian Morality Gender Discrimination: The Plague of the Era What exactly is gender discrimination? The literal definition goes as follows: When a person is faced with unequal or different treatment based entirely on the victim’s sex or gender (Source: Findlaw. com). This is a serious civil rights offense, and it affects not only women, it’s most common victim, but men, and members of the LGBT community, as well. The most common places that said discrimination takes place are in employment, education, in situations of borrowing or credit issues, and housing. An example of how common this issue is can be found in 2010 when the EEOC, (Equal Employment Opportunity Commission), had found that 30% of its complaints regarded sex discrimination of both women AND men (Source: kmblegal. com). However, many question why gender discrimination is an injustice, while many others simply ignore the subject and claim that it no longer exists. We will write a custom essay sample on Social Justice Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The true problem with this topic, as Julie Mullens states, is that â€Å"It results in millions of tragedies, which add up to lost potential for entire countries. Studies show there is a direct link between a countrys attitude toward women and its progress socially and economically. The status of women is central to the health of a society. If one part suffers, so does the whole† (Source: childreninneed. org). As stated in the quote above, gender discrimination, not just of women, but of others, takes a direct toll on the victims, as well as nationally, and on a grander scale: world-wide. Victims outside of America, particularly women, face issues such as dowry which is payment to the groom’s family for taking in a wife, even though it can be portrayed as carrying a burden for another woman in the family; neglect, infanticide and sex-selective abortion, abuse, forced labor, and sex trafficking (Source: childreninneed. org). Julie Mullens’ quote proves that this not only takes a physical and emotional toll on the victims, but within the social and economical structures of society. Without the people who are discriminated in our lives; men, women, and others, we are literally nothing. A recent example of said gender discrimination occurred in San Francisco, California, in September of last year. A United States judge refused a Wal-Mart in the area to ignore a discrimination case from women plaintiffs regarding payment and promotion issues based on gender. The case was closed after the Wal-Mart attorney, Theodore Boutrous Jr. , said such claims could not be true due to Wal-mart’s no-toleration policy regarding gender discrimination. However, considering a similar law suit was reported in Texas, the attorney supporting the women, Brad Seligman, is becoming suspicious about Wal-mart’s â€Å"policies†. Source: huffingtonpost. com) This case perfectly displays why gender discrimination is such a problem. For example, this injustice, for the case, was continued because the claims of these women were rejected after Wal-mart’s rebuttal regarding its policies. Considering society is more favoring of men than women, often leading to patriarchy, t his is a perfect example of discrimination continues. In this case, the discrimination not only lies in the fault of Wal-Mart itself, but also in the court disregarding the claims of these female workers. The final question is: how exactly can this injustice be brought to an end? In the United States, gender and sex discrimination is a direction violation of Tile VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, thus it is best to contact a Civil Rights Attorney or your lawyer. Other laws that prohibit this discrimination include The Equal Credit Opportunity Act, The Fair Housing Act, The Equal Pay Act of 1963, The Family and Medical Leave Act, and many more (Source: findlaw. com). However, for world-wide society to change as a whole, one thing can prevail and offer change: education.

The whole stage for most of the play Essay Example For Students

The whole stage for most of the play Essay During the 7thJanuary, I tried to concentrate on my space and be aware of how much of the stage I was using. That was quite easy as I had to use nearly the whole stage for most of the play! I was the character that had to create the atmosphere; it was quite hard as I wasnt sure what to do. I found it quite easy in the end because I got use to it and learnt I can change the different atmospheres in a room with only one word, or even only one action. I showed this just after Chris had opened the play with his shouting and talking fast, as I slowly appeared talking slowly and faint but also shivering with my eyes darting around the room as if looking at something, saying can.. youseethem, they are watching you! With my hands also round my throat!! We will write a custom essay on The whole stage for most of the play specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Finally on the 14th when we were concentrating on body language, and what movements best explain my mood and action. I found that not everything had to be said to get to the audience what I want them to know. For example I found it easier to use my body language to talk to the audience rather than speaking! This is shown when I am walking round trying to apologise to the audience for Chris shouting at them, and I just look worried and up set. By putting my hand up, and trying to make eye contact with them. During the rehearsals there were a lot of important decisions made these included what the plot was going to be! This was one of the most important decisions made because without it we would have been performing a completely different play which would have meant different marks. I came up with the original idea for the play and the group expanded it from there. This was the most important idea followed closely by the staging, I decided that the best option for our play would be theatre of the round; this would enable us to get the aspects of the play across to the audience and also involve the audience more. Aside from this I decided on what character I wanted to be and how this affected the play. I believe most of my ideas were I believe the drama we created was close to one of our original ideas. Although not matching! I feel our performance was a success. This is because it went well and to plan, even though we got lower marks than we would have liked on our original performance. We have improved those marks easily this was because it was simple mistakes we made, that were easily adjustable. For example all three of our tone and pitch of our voices stayed the same through out the performance. This was changed easily with people slowing down how they speak and varying the tone of voice as well. Aside from that one of our achievements I enjoyed about the play was the staging.  This is because i decided to use theatre of the round! As this allows us more space to perform in. I also liked theatre of the round because it was difficult but I believe it made our play into a better performance. As we were theatre in the round, we thought it would be easier to use simple lighting techniques; this is because it fitted around our play, and hopefully made it better. I decided to include one black out and a bright light. The bright light was used to show the dismissal followed by the fading of the emotions. This helped to create a tense mood with the audience wandering what is going to happen next. The black out was used at the very end just to show the play had completely finished. We didnt really use costumes because I thought you dont know what emotions look like, as they are always there but you can never see them! With this in mind we decided to use black out fits because you can see use but not clearly!

Danielle Dawkins Essays - Crime, United States, Free Essays

Danielle Dawkins Essays - Crime, United States, Free Essays Danielle Dawkins Dr. Bentzen American Government 4/1/17 Racial Disparity and Mass Incarceration T he United States of America is home to the largest prison system in the world, with more than 2.3 million citizens behind bars, which represents a staggering 943 percent increase within the past century. Making up only 5 percent of the entire world population, the U.S. makes up 25 percent of the prison population globally. These app alling statistics are a product of systemic and structural oppression, which is the foundation for Mass incarceration itself. The history of mass incarceration dates back to the Reconstruction era (1865-1877). Directly after the Civil war, the south was in tatters because an integral part of its economy had been demolished: slavery. As stated by the 13 th amendment, "Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any plac e subject to their jurisdiction." One should take notice to the loophole within the 13 th amendment, as exploitation of such took place immediately. Essentially, African Americans couldn't be held as slaves , but the y could be held as prisoners for the purpose rebuilding the south. At an alarming rate, many were imprisoned by the masses for petty "crimes " that otherwise would not have mattered. This period of the late 19 th century marked the first major prison boom, and it laid the groundwork for the rapid growth of mass incarceration that's still occurring to this d ay. Four presidents can be credited for this monstrosity of a prison system: Lyndon B. Johnson, Richard Nixon, Ronald Reagan, and Bill Clinton. From the "war on poverty" to the 1994 crime bill, I will expound upon the political initiatives of each of these presidents, and how their historic policies disproportionately impacted the African American community. About a century after the reconstruction period, Lyndon B. Johnson signed the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and launched many other political initiatives with egalitarian-like values. In March of 1 965, President Johnson had three bills sent to congress in hopes of furthering his p rogressive agenda. Two bills included the Housing and Development Act of 1965 , which instituted the subsidization of private homes for those of a lower socioeconomic status, an d the Voting Rights Act of 1965, which granted black Americans in the south the opportunity to fully exercise their right to vote. Although these bills were crafted with good intentions, they were actually deeply rooted in assimilationist-like assumptions held by conservatives on black culture. Conservatives were locked onto the premise that constructs such as race and class were not factors of poverty, but rather a "subculture" ridden with " s ocial pathologies" , such as illegal drug use and stre et crime . A sociologist by the name of Katherine Beckett stated, "The misbehaviors of the poor were transformed from adaptations to poverty th at had an unfortunate effect of reproducing it into character failings that accounted for poverty in the first place." T herefore, t his commonly shared belief of black communities prompted President Johnson to constitute the official "War on Poverty" . So, it should be no surprise that at the peak of his progressive agenda, Johnson introduced the Law Enforcement Assistance Act (LEAA), which essentially sparked the militarization of local police operations in small black communities. In Johnson's own words, "the federal Government will henceforth take a more meaningful role in meeting the whole spectrum of problems posed by crime." This new legislation officially transformed the "War on Poverty" into the "War on Crime" . Johnson's successor, Richard Nixon took the "War on Crime" to a level of extreme punitive a ctions that caused a drastic upsurge in incarcerated bodies, while leaving a permanent scar of thousands of families for years to come. Nixon rose to power on dog whistle politics, which are racially coded appeals that catered to that segregationists and a ssimilationists alike. He utilized fearmongering politics in order to instill yet even more prejudice and fear into Americans across the country. All seventeen of his politica l speeches were dedicated to restoring law and order, and his infamous campaign ad featured images

Initiatives to develop respect towards referees in the United Kingdom Essay

Initiatives to develop respect towards referees in the United Kingdom - Essay Example Sports is an important part of our society as it brings people from varied culture and backgrounds at one place cheering for their teams and players. These people can be from different places, religion, caste and various other factors which are considered discriminatory in social norms come to an end in a sports extravaganza. Players are their heroes; they worship them, idolize them and try to imitate them. There are great things to learn from the sports, about winning and losing, sportsmanship spirit, respect for other players, etc. which bonds the society together. The major sports events and all sports fixtures are occasions on which people can open up towards those who are different themselves and learn something about others, for sport is also unrivalled as a force for bringing together and mixing different types of people and their cultures in short for allowing them to meet and to share something other than mistrust, facilitating communication and probably combats prejudice, t he tendency to make valued judgments and the types of belief that give rise to hatred and intolerance (Bodin, et al , 2005, p.163) Commonwealth of Australia (2008) once stated that â€Å"— it (sport) helps to build social cohesion that binds families, communities, regions and the nation. No other facet of our culture has the capacity to bring together so many different streams --- breaks barriers and unites those who have nothing else in common’(Hoye et al, 2009, p.225). These among the few are benefits of sports events inspiring younger generation to achieve excellence in their field. As mentioned earlier, sports benefit the society with positive inspiration but also spoil the society with the players on field behavior. It is further stated that in professional team sports with a high public profile, including association football (soccer), disciplinary transgressions by players and sanctions that are taken by referees provide a rich source of subject material for debate among pundits, journalists and the general public. The action of players and referees in UK football are keenly and intensely scrutinized in the modern day game in the event of foul play which is followed by referee’s action that in turn creates situation between players and referees, wherein players disrespect the decision of on-field referees (Dawson et al, 2007). Regardless of legitimacy, individual referees have always been easy targets and they have been accused, on innumerable occasions, of destroying the game and even influencing the outcome through partial as opposed to merely incorrect decisions. In football the referees have to consider both the ethos of the game and the playing culture, and relate these to the rules of the game. Refereeing is a complicated process, in which one has to deal with rule interpretation in light of the culture and ethos of the game as well as pressure from authorities, players, supporters and the media (Carlsson, n.d.). This paper attempts to discuss why referees in the United Kingdom are leaving football and what are the initiates carried out by Football Association, UK and UEFA for referee retention and develop sense of responsibility among players and other stakeholders apart from discussion the consequences of referee dr op out and abusive actions the match officials. Reasons why referees drop out Every year 7000 football referees are quitting because of abuse on the pitch and the touchlines which may mean shortage leading to inevitable destruction of the game in some areas. The FA spokesperson quoted that there are two and a half million people who want to play more football but there is shortage of referees and estimates that 20 percent of the games are played without a qualified match official (Mole, 2009). White

Employee Motivational Strategies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Employee Motivational Strategies - Essay Example Add that to the fact that sometimes, employees think that the compensation that they receive on a monthly basis (or maybe even more frequently, depending on the agreement between the employee and the employer) is just enough or maybe even not enough for their daily needs. Most companies have perceived this problem, realizing that manpower or more specifically the employees themselves are their most important resource. Employers also have realized that like any other resource, manpower should be continually replenished or renewed in terms of loyalty, trust and overall satisfaction from the work they are currently employed in. The concept of employee motivation comes into mind, wherein the company adapts certain policies that will motivate their employees so that they will remain not only financially satisfied but also emotionally, physically and mentally contented. The introduction of fun in the workplace is a welcome idea, and many companies are jumping on this idea for the improveme nt of their employees. Employee motivation techniques are now most often done in many forms in modern workplaces and usually revolve around the concept of rewarding satisfactory effort with the appropriate reward or set of rewards that are given either immediately or at a designated time depending on certain situations. Employee motivation is a new keyword today that states that employees have the need to be motivated and satisfied in order to maintain their level of work and positive attitudes towards the company. This topic is very significant and very much applicable in today's high-stress work environment, as it sees that employees as a very important resource that needs to be nurtured and developed. The relationship between the employer and their employees are also discussed as well as their parts in the creation of solutions pertaining to employee motivation and satisfaction. There are several theories and methods of employee motivation discussed herein, as well as recommendations on how to implement employee motivation methods and improvement of the said system if it is already implemented in the workplace. Employer and employee relationships A very fine line exists between the employer(s) and the employee. One thing for certain is that the employer is the employee's superior and the employee must comply with the work that his or her employer demands. With this, it can be thought of that the employee is bound to the service of his or her employer within the contract that they have agreed between themselves. This is not unlike the relationship between master and slave of yesteryears, in which the slave is not just bound to its master's service but also treated as that person's property. Times have changed and so do employee rights. Treating employees like slaves would not do an employer any good, and this has been shown with the creation of employee rights and privileges laid down upon each country's constitution. One of the basic tenets of this is the provision of salaries to the employee by their employer according to the existing minimum wage rates. Other benefits such as health benefits, bonuses and other financial an d non-financial perks may or may not be given again depending on the agreement set upon between the emplo

Northern Ireland History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Northern Ireland History - Essay Example This is what will be dissertated in the following. When discussing the history of Ireland, the 'peace process' is generally considered to cover those events which lead up to the 1994 IRA ceasefire, the end of most of the violence of The Troubles, the Belfast (or Good Friday) Agreement, and subsequent political developments. The history of Ireland in regards to the peace process as well as the ongoing battle and strenuous struggle for peace in the modern world is one of great detail and significant complexity. The Good Friday Agreement was reached in Belfast on Friday, April 10, 1998; it was signed by the British and Irish (Republic of Ireland) governments and endorsed by most Northern Ireland political parties. The agreement said that Northern Ireland should remain within the UK so long as that was the wish of the people living there; but that the British and Irish governments would give effect to arrangements for a united Ireland if that should become the wish of the people of the province. The basic ideal of the plan is that it sets out a plan for devolved government in Northern Ireland on a stable and significantly exclusive basis, while also providing for the creation of Human Rights and Equality commissions. Such things as the early release of terrorist prisoners, the decommissioning of paramilitary weapons and other far reaching reforms of criminal justice and policing are also included in this agreement. The main provisions of the Good Friday Agreement are as follows: The principle that the constitutional future of Northern Ireland should be determined by the majority vote of its citizens A commitment by all parties to 'exclusively peaceful and democratic means' The establishment of a Northern Ireland Assembly with devolved legislative powers Creation of a 'power sharing' Northern Ireland Executive, using the D'Hondt method to allocate Ministries proportionally to the main parties Creation of a North-South Ministerial Council and North-South Implementation Bodies to bring about cross-border cooperation in policy and programmes on a number of issues Establishment of a British-Irish Council, composed of representatives from the governments of the Republic of Ireland, Northern Ireland, the United Kingdom, Scotland, Wales, the Channel Islands, and the Isle of Man, to discuss areas of common concern Conditional early release within two years of paramilitary prisoners belonging to organizations observing a ceasefire Establishment of the Northern Ireland Human Rights Commission A two year target for decommissioning of paramilitary weapons The abolition of the Republic's territorial claim to Northern Ireland via the modification Articles 2 and 3 of its constitution New legislation for Northern Ireland on policing, human rights and equality Normalization of security measures, e.g. closure of redundant army bases Police reform. Undertaken by the Patten Commission (1998-1999) Equality of social, economic and cultural rights of all ethnic communities e.g. official recognition of the Irish and Ulster-Scots languages as equal to English (Wikipedia, 2006). The executive of a new regional government, which should have been installed in April of 1999 under the terms of the Good Friday agreement, is instead held in a state of frozen animation. "Pro-British Unionist refused to sit in government with Sinn Fein, an Irish

History Of Entrepreneurship In Mauritius Business Essay

History Of Entrepreneurship In Mauritius Business Essay Several measures and policies have been implemented since independence regarding SMEs, the priority of the government of maximizing social welfare has been considered through the creation and promotion of entrepreneurial businesses. The origins of SMEs in Mauritius begins in the 1960s when Mauritius was experiencing a timid industrialization change-over with the main objective of supplying the local market with imported goods and helping the country to gain a certain autonomy. At that time, the government was encouraging the production of different types of commodities such as manufacturing of blades, electrical bulbs, batteries, soap, welding and steel work for construction, refining edible oils, plastic industry, food canning, industrial poultry breeding, yogurt manufacturing, biscuits, shoes and so on for the domestic market. The Ministry of Commerce and Industry established the Small Scale Industry Unit (SSIU) in 1976 which in 1983 became the Small Industry Development Organizati on (SIDO), the primary aim of such company was to provide general advice and guidance to small businesses and in 1988, the Small Scale Industry (SSI) experienced a true change-over through the presentation of the Small Scale Industries Act. This act promoted the development of the SSI by adopting a legal definition of SSI, voluntary registration of SSI, duty exemption on production equipment and the setting up of an advisory board. The Industrial Expansion Act 1993 consisted of the SMIDO Act which was considered as the next landmark in promoting entrepreneurship in Mauritius, the idea was to establish a framework for consolidating, expanding and enhancing the competitiveness and developing a SME sector. The government implemented a Ministry of SMEs in December 2003 and two years after the Small Enterprises and Handicraft Development Authority (SEHDA) was created following the union of the SMIDO and the National Handicraft Promotion Agency (NHPA). The SEHDA main objective was to prom ote a more effective and efficient use of available resources allocated to the entrepreneurial sector in Mauritius. The SEHDA Act 2010 was replaced by the Small and Medium Enterprises Development (SMEDA) Act and this was the latest development with regards to the SME policy framework in Mauritius. The SMEDA nowadays works under the aegis of the Ministry of Business, Enterprise and Cooperatives and represent one of the most well-known organizations promoting entrepreneurship in the Mauritian economy. Definition of entrepreneur and entrepreneurship Who is an entrepreneur? The term entrepreneur has been defined in various forms over the past years based on professional experience of individuals or based on observations and researches made to understand what an entrepreneur is. According to the Irish-French economist Richard Cantillon (1725), an entrepreneur is someone who accepts to pay a certain price for a commodity (for instance materials) and to resell it at another price thus deciding about the practical use of resources while consequently admitting the risk of enterprise. The French economist Jean-Baptiste Say (1803) stated that a business person is an economic agent who regroups all factors of production- land, labor, and capital and produces a product as such shifting economic resources out of an area of lower productivity to a higher one. The American management consultant Peter Drucker (1964) stated that an entrepreneur is one who looks for and respond to change, thus enjoying opportunities by converting a source into resource. Another defini tion implied that an entrepreneur is an individual starting a new business in a new market where no one before has started business, this was stated by W.B. Gartner in 1985. Thus it can be seen that the definition of an entrepreneur varies according to time and according to observations and perceptions of people who considers it as mainly individual making money by accepting to take risks to achieve his/her goal. But in order to understand clearly the concept, a simpler but direct definition should be considered and as such, an entrepreneur is an individual who decides to take the risks of managing a business and especially manipulating factors of production such as land, labor and capital for the sake of making profit. The main characteristics that an entrepreneur should possess are enthusiasm, intelligence, creativity, determination, courage to take risks, communication skills, human relation abilities, business secrecy, administrative ability, ability to manage pressure, leading skills, technical knowledge, problem-solving skills and so on. Entrepreneurs are classified based mainly on Functional characteristics being innovative, imitative, skeptical, cautious, or resistant to change. Development angle- being eager for expansion, survival, efficient, or concentrated only on local trading. Types of entrepreneurial business- manufacturing, wholesaling, retailing, or service business. Nine personality types of entrepreneurs- being an improver, advisor, highly qualified, highly creative, visionary, analyst, optimistic, leader, determined. Types of motivation- motivated by profit, rewards, and self-fulfillment. Types of area- urban or rural entrepreneurs Types of gender- male or women entrepreneurs. What is entrepreneurship? The term entrepreneurship has also been defined by some researchers, economist and consultants where different meanings have been developed in order to clarify what it is really. According to the economist Joseph Schumpeter in the 1930s, entrepreneurship employs the concept of gale of creative destruction where past innovations on the market are replaced by new ideas thus implementing new concepts for boosting economic growth. The two American economists Peter Drucker (1970) and Frank H Knight (1921) stated that entrepreneurship deals with taking risks for the sake of making money , the acts of free enterprise is often subjected to no guarantee that the individual will be able to challenges the market uncertainties. Entrepreneurship is considered to be a major driver of economic growth for a country according to the American economist David B. Audretsch, in Mauritius for instance, SMEs re greatly participating in the development of the country, especially in reducing poverty and unem ployment. But for now, let us define what entrepreneurship is really. It is the process of increasing business interests by adopting creativity and innovation in a way to set up an enterprise. It is the action of an individual involve in minimizing the use of resources and taking risks in order to generate profits. In Mauritius, free enterprise is usually referred to as Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs) where a small enterprise is defined as a business generating an annual turnover of around 10 million rupees and medium enterprise is defined as a business having an annual turnover of not more than 50 million rupees. The SMEDA in collaboration with the Ministry of Business, Enterprise and Cooperatives aims at promoting emergence and competitiveness of SMEs, advising the Ministry regarding how to control the SMEs sector and implementing support programmes. http://www.sbmgroup.mu/images/653_200_sme.gif Incentives for entrepreneurship For the past decades, there have been many incentives and supports given to enterprises for the promotion of the SME sector in Mauritius. The Ministry of Business, Enterprise and Cooperative has been working with different institutions to be able to provide the most services possible to small and medium enterprises, the budget 2012-2013 has considered financial services which include the release of Rs 3bn of loans from the banking sector to SMEs till 2014 at an interest rate of 3% above the repo rate that is 8.5 % and processing costs and related charges will be renounced. Here is a list of the different institutions and support schemes given to entrepreneurs. Small and Medium Industries Development Organization (SMIDO) Export Credit Guarantee Insurance Scheme: Joint effort of SMIDO and SICOM Ltd Protects the exporting SME against failure of buyer to pay all export transactions after shipment Pays 85% of the invoice value to the policyholder in cases of default Export Assistance Scheme Financial support to enable SMEs forward samples of their products abroad to prospective buyers 50% refund on airfreight subject to a maximum of Rs. 2000 twice a year Start-Up Scheme Financial support of up to a maximum of Rs. 100,000 to entrepreneurs to set up their enterprise Prospective recipients have to enter Business Plan Competition Training, Consultancy and Benchmarking Impart new and develop latent Skills, and Knowledge of entrepreneurs in various areas/fields through Training programmes, workshops and seminars Company analysis and guidance Business Counseling and Information Information and guidance to potential and existing entrepreneurs Assist entrepreneurs to prepare or update a comprehensive business plan Monitoring of business and advice Feasibility Study Grant Scheme Grant equivalent to 50% of the costs of a feasibility study for a viable project Max. amount granted Rs. 75,000 Study is to be undertaken by an approved consultant/consultancy firm Mauritius Industrial Development Authority (MIDA) Export Business Support Scheme Financial support for participation in trade missions organized by MIDA funding of up to 75% of cost of stand and 25% refund on the cost of air tickets Financial support for participation in other trade shows funding of up to 60% of cost of stand and 25% refund on the cost of air tickets International Credit Checking Service 50% refund on the cost of each search effected, subject to a max. of 5 company checks per annum SME Exhibition Centre Virtual Exhibition Centre Showcase and Communicate products of SMEs to both local and foreign buyers. Industrial Buildings/ Estates Rental of industrial buildings tailor-made for SMEs Overseas Market Testing Free testing of products in selected markets Assistance, Advice and Information Advice on Development of Promotional Tools Advice on Export Documentation Product Information in selected markets Assistance in Market Research Trade Information Centre Assistance and guidance for marketing trips Loans offered by the Development Bank of Mauritius (DBM Ltd) Scheme Max. Quantum Allocated Max. Loan Amount Interest Rate   (per annum) Term   (years) Start-ups 90% of cost of project Rs 200 000 8% 4 Financing of Production Equipment 70% of cost of equipment Rs 3 m 10 11% 5 Technology Improvement Scheme 60% of cost of project Rs 1 m 9% 6 Working Capital 70% of cost of stock Rs 400 000 to Rs 1 m 10 12% 4 Business Sector 70% of project costs Rs 3 m 12% 5 Construction of Office Commercial Space 70% of project cost Rs 3 m 12% 7 Construction of Industrial Building 60% to 90% of project costs Rs 3 m 11.5% to 12% 10 Printing Publishing 60% of cost of new equipment Rs 3 m 10% 5 Local Newspaper 60% of the cost modernization Rs 2 m 8% 5 General Service 70% of cost of project Rs 3 m 12% 5 Freeport Sector 75% of working capital requirements Rs 1 m 12% 5 ICT Sector 75% of cost of project Rs 1 to 5 m 8% 5 Joint Venture with Overseas Partners Rs 1 m 10% 6 Export Development Fund (for Overseas Market Surveys and Participation in Trade Fairs) 70% of project cost Rs 100 000 3% 3 Selected Investment Schemes Scheme/Certificate Qualifying Activities Key Incentives Export Enterprise http://smido.intnet.mu/images/bullet.gifManufacture of goods principally for exports No customs duty or VAT on raw materials and equipment Corporate tax of 15% No tax on dividends and capital gains 60% remission of customs duties on buses of 15-25 seats 50% exemption on the normal registration fee for the purchase of land and buildings 50% relief on personal income tax for 2 expatriate staff Pioneer Status Enterprise http://smido.intnet.mu/images/bullet.gifActivities involving above average technology and skills   http://smido.intnet.mu/images/bullet.gifActivities likely to enhance industrial and technological development No customs duty on raw materials and equipment as per schedule list Corporate tax of 15% No tax on dividends Strategic Local Enterprise http://smido.intnet.mu/images/bullet.gifManufacture of goods for local market http://smido.intnet.mu/images/bullet.gifActivity likely to further economic, industrial and technological development Corporate tax of 15% No tax on dividends Small and Medium Enterprise http://smido.intnet.mu/images/bullet.gifManufacturing activity subject to an investment in production equipment not exceeding Rs 10m No customs duty on production equipment and raw materials as per schedule list Corporate tax of 15% Freeport Enterprise http://smido.intnet.mu/images/bullet.gifOperations in the Freeport   http://smido.intnet.mu/images/bullet.gifGoods for export only http://smido.intnet.mu/images/bullet.gifStorage, assembly, redistribution and logistics No Corporate tax No tax on dividends No customs duty on raw materials, goods and production equipment Reduced port handling charges for all goods destined for re-export Barriers to entrepreneurship in Mauritius Development of entrepreneurs in Mauritius List of organizations engaged in promoting entrepreneurship Small and Medium Enterprises Development Authority (SMEDA) Mauritius Industrial Development Authority (MIDA) Development Bank of Mauritius ( DBM) Board of Investment (BOI) Mauritius Freeport Authority (MFA) Association Of Mauritian Entrepreneurs ( AME) Human Resource Development Council (HRDC) Conclusion

Converting Switchgrass to Biofuel Essay -- Biology Ethanol Alternative

Introduction: People need energy, it’s a fact. We need it for our cars, for our televisions and for our iPods. We need it all the time, every day. The simple fact is though, we are running out. Carbon based fuels are being used at an alarming rate every day. And every day our demand increases as our society becomes more and more reliant on technology. There is only so much oil in the world though and when that is gone we need to look for alternative sources of energy. Sources like ethanol produced from Switchgrass. In 2004 an article was published on the creation of ethanol from gases made from switchgrass. The article was titled, â€Å"Fermentation of Biomass-Generated Producer Gas to Ethanol.† This article held produced several interesting results. First it demonstrated that producer gas could be generated from biomass (Switchgrass) and that the producer gas could be fermented to produce ethanol. Second the cells stopped growing but did not die. During this period of non-growth ethanol was produced. Third H2 utilization ceased and fourth â€Å"cells began growing again if ‘clean’ bottled gases were introduced following exposure to the producer gas† (Datar, Shenkman, Cateni, Huhnke and Lewis 2004, p. 1.) Switchgrass – Panicum virgatum Why switchgrass? Thats the question of the hour. And to tell there truth there are a lot of reasons. Firstly and foremost is the fact that there are millions of dollars in government funding available. Secondly switchgrass is grown across the entire center of the united states in a variety of environments. Switchgrass is hardy and adaptable, it grows large and fast, sometime reaching slightly over ten feet in height. As a bonus switchgrass also processes water very efficie... ...ide, 4.4% Hydrogen Gas, and 4.2% Methane gas. The actual gasified switch grass however, did not have this composition and had some unknown molecule or molecules that was damaging to the cells. This unknown molecule or molecules could be oxygen, nitric oxide, or ammonia, all of which are known to negatively affect cells. This article was published in 2004 and, the follow up experiment that addresses these impurities was conducted by the same people in 2005. In this experiment they found that the gas did in fact have many impurities and an extensive gas cleaning procedure needed to be implemented in order to effectively harvest ethanol from the bacteria P7. The molecule that was mostly responsible for disrupting the cell was nitric oxide. All in all it seems entirely viable to use this biological process in order to manufacture ethanol for wide spread use.

Shc 31 1.1 1.2

SHC 311. 11. 2 Communication 1. 1 Communication is an integral part of everyday life, especially for children, Who may not be able to vocalise their needs, and be able to carry out their Own basic needs, there are many reasons for communication and these include: Expressing basic needs and requirements Expressing distress, discomfort To inform others of situations For safety Communication can also provide reassurance and comfort, it can help to diffuse situations, and it is also used to offer encouragement. 1. 2 Communication effects relationships, in a positive way it can build trust and attachments.Children in my care range in ages from a new-born, to age 10, and with the range of ages comes a range of communication skills. The new born uses his cry as a main form of communication, to indicate his need to be fed, changed, winded, or just in need of a cuddle. His cry can be different for each need, and will increase in intensity should his needs not be met. A toddler that is beginni ng to learn words, may use pointing to communicate needs and Desires, but will possibly still revert to crying in moments of distress.An older child with full vocal skills may choose not to always use words to communicate They may at times use less obvious methods such as moods, and behaviour, these are usually used in times of distress. Just as when communicating with adults the written word can be used, a child may use drawings or role play. Tears can be used to communicate both sadness and happiness. It is important to remember that communication does not always come in obvious forms, and when dealing with children it will come in a wide variety of forms, and it is also important to communicate to them reassurance and support on a continuous basis.

Rise of Nazism essays

Rise of Nazism essays After the end of the First World War, many actions were taken which indirectly lead to the rise of the Nazi party in Germany. Many of the events include the Treaty of Versailles, problems the government of Germany came across, the stab in the back theory, and the depression. This paper will talk about these events which occurred and how they correspond to the rise of the German Nazi party. One of the agreements at the Treaty of Versailles was that the industrial heartland of Germany, the Saarland, was to be worked by the Germans for the benefit of France for 15 years (lib.byu.edu/~rdh/wwi/versailles.html). With the Saarland gone it would prove more difficult for the Germans to supply iron it also made repayment of reparations less likely. The effective removal of the Saarland from German industry made the Weimar Republics position in Germany weaker. From the very start, the Weimar republic faced opposition from both sides of the political spectrum. There was potential for the reintroduction of a monarch, or even a communist state, and several attempted revolutions occurred. The public blamed their problems on the Treaty of Versailles, and in turn, blamed the government that signed it. The new government had inherited a difficult situation. It was inevitable that the new government would have faced difficulties from the start. The republic was beginning to overcome its difficulties during the mid 1920's as economic, political, and cultural improvements were occurring, and if it hadn't been for circumstances, mainly the Wall Street Crash, the republic may have prospered for many years. These circumstances gave the extremists, the Nazi's, an opportunity for advancement as the people searched for a more radical solution to the depressio...

Saving the animals essays

Saving the animals essays In Buffalo New York on October 23rd of last year, Dr. Barnett Slepian was murdered. He wasnt killed because of his financial status or because of a dispute he had with a patient. Someone who never really knew Dr. Slepian, someone who never met his family, a person who didnt agree with Dr. Slepians job, took his life. This is a great example to show how a disagreement in ideology can lead to actions that no one has the authority to take. An animal liberator bombing a meat processing plant is like the pro-life activist killing the doctor who performs abortions. Both of the actions dont achieve the results that are intended, they both claim that they help save the lives of the innocent, and they are both hypocritical. The results that are wanted can not be achieved through causing pain and suffering to the opposing party. When a sniper took the life of Dr. Slepian he was trying to move the cause of pro-life forward. The end result was not what he had wanted; the medical community was outraged and the people who believed in the right to choose strengthened their resolve. This quote by Dr. Henry Morgentaler, the countrys best-known pro-abortion crusader, illustrates this point very accurately. "This is a sign of the moral bankruptcy of the so-called pro-life movement. It bespeaks their frustration and rage at the fact that they have not been able to convince the public of the rightness of their cause," (Cnn 2) The frustration that Dr. Morgentaler mentions is even further enhanced when the pro-lifers see that their cause is regressing from public empathy. The example of the murder of Dr. Slepian is a good analogy to what the bombing of the meat processing plant would cause. The people in the factory would be massacred and the people who dont support the cause of animal liberation would be outraged. The intended result of lower consumption of animal meat would not ...

Why read The Story of An Hour by Kate Chopin (1894) Essay

Why read The Story of An Hour by Kate Chopin (1894) - Essay Example Mallard, who having a weak heart, mourns the death of her husband, Kate Chopin introduces a passage, which abruptly pictures window’s feelings of relief and freedom and thus this tragic event becomes confusing. Finally, in the exact moment when Mrs. Mallard finds out her allegedly dead husband is alive, she dies of a heart attack. From the critical perspective, the first impression from the story is undoubtedly confusing, however, a more careful analysis reveals that there are many reasons why this literary piece would be important and even necessary to read. Unlike many literary works that are essential descriptive, Kate Chopin’s â€Å"The Story of an Hour† teaches a modern reader to understand historical and social context of the story. This most popular piece of Chopin’s short fiction was written and published in 1984, and the influence of this historical epoch on the story is evident. Chopin’s women are framed and determined by the historical traditions, morals and principles. Women’s lives are limited by kitchens, children, families and occasional genteel routs. â€Å"Story of an Hour† witnesses a woman dawning on the notion of freedom after she learns of her husband’s death. Mrs. Mallard is awe-struck at her own feelings, as she has too lived her life according to the rules of middle-class white womanhood, but she lets the feelings flow nevertheless, and she makes plans for her new life: â€Å"Free! Body and soul free!† (Chopin, par.14). Chopin leaves audience with perhaps her most telling dramatic irony: the gathered community, viewing Mrs. Mallard as the pinnacle of respectable true-womanhood, decides her cause-of-death: â€Å"joy that kills† (Chopin, par.20). As in most of Chopin’s literature, her women who rebel from marriage are not rebelling from their husbands personally; rather, and perhaps worse, according to true-woman ideology, they rebel from the depletion of personal power and selfhood that

Women Trafficking and the Industry of Prostitution Research Paper

Women Trafficking and the Industry of Prostitution - Research Paper Example It is now a fiercely debated topic within the academic, legal, and social communities. This paper discusses and analyzes the debate over the legalization of prostitution. The argument of the paper is not to legalize prostitution. The points of the debate that the paper focuses on are the issue of ‘professionalizing’ prostitution, protecting the sexual wellbeing of prostituted women, and making a rational decision to engage in the industry of prostitution. But according to a large number of empirical findings, legalization of prostitution brings more harm than benefit to sex workers. A discussion of studies conducted in countries where prostitution is legalized is carried out in order to determine the actual nature and consequences of legalization of prostitution. Further research is needed on this subject in order to conclusively determine the merits and disadvantages of the legalization of prostitution. More country-specific studies are needed in order to decisively det ermine the universality of the harm prostitution brings to its victims. Introduction Prostitution is the ‘world’s oldest profession’. For centuries, women and children are dragged into a world that does not respect individual dignity and morality. Today, millions of women are trafficked into prostitution all over the world. Women trafficking and prostitution have been a challenging and complex issue for policymakers, the academic community, feminists, and social activists at the international, regional, and national levels. The problems posed by women trafficking and prostitution concern not just the abuse of women’s body by profiteers, but also the commodification and denigration of female dignity. The discourse on women trafficking and prostitution has spurred a rigorous debate on the legalization of prostitution as a solution to the growing problem of women trafficking. Prostitution should not be legalized. Prostitution will always be a form of ‘v ictimization’ because it is damaging to those who are involved in it. Legalization of prostitution will only further encourage women trafficking and prostitution. And prostitution could never be an unforced or voluntary form of labor because victims are not able to make a rational decision to take part in prostitution. The choices of these women are limited to economic survival only, which prevent them from making rationally based decisions. Prostitution is always involuntary and coerced because it is rooted in universal supremacy of men over women and is naturally and essentially a contemporary kind of sex slavery that is abusive, demoralizing, and damaging. The Debate Prostitution is widely described as a ‘crime without a victim’, particularly by those who argue that it should be legalized. But the truth is prostitution is a form of ‘victimization’: it is damaging to those who are involved in it, and it is usually coerced on an individual by severa l factors, mostly by poverty. Legalizing prostitution does not raise the status of the women; it merely professionalizes the industry of prostitution (Kara, 2010). Ditmore (2011) explains that the supporters of legalization of prostitution generally do not understand that legalization implies decriminalization of the entire industry of prostitution, not only the women trapped in it. But supporters of legalization respond to this by arguing that if the sex industry is legalized, it â€Å"would be subject to standard labor and occupation safety regulations, and it would be easier for women to fight the abuses and crimes that accompany their work† (Flowers, 2011, p. 49). Majority of prostituted women view legalization of the

Computer Ethics and Its Issues That Concern IT Professionals Essay

Computer Ethics and Its Issues That Concern IT Professionals - Essay Example Computer professionals need to know the boundaries of using the confidential information to avoid invasion of the people's privacy. The basics still settles down into knowing what is good and evil. One of the most basic and the most significant requirement of man is ethics. In order for him to understand the nature of good and evil, he has to have ethics that would explain to him these two opposing ideas. Doing what is right and what is wrong is determined by a person's ethics. Bahm (1994) defines ethics as a science that involves theory and practice. The theories derived out of a person's behaviour should as well be tested and clarified based from the resulting situation. At the same time, both personal and social aspects of man are interdependent such that each individual has his or her own values that enable him to tell whether the choices he made are right or wrong. Because of his values innate in him - for which the concept of ethics was drawn from - is dictated by man's oughtness which "consists in the power that an apparently greater good has over an apparently lesser good, or an apparently lesser evil has over an apparently greater evil, or an apparent good had over an apparent evil, in compelling choices" according to Bahm. Thus, man's choices are dictated by his values for which ethics evaluates and judges, and eventually be practised by his oughtness. (Bahm, p 27, 1994) Ethics isEthics is used to criticise, defend, promote, justify and suggest moral concepts and to answer the questions that concerns morality. (http://www.galilean-library.org/int11.html, para 2, Sept. 21, 2006) Moreover, Baase's (2003) concept of ethics is as simple and as basic as "doing the right thing." Therefore, behaving ethically goes down to the most common and the simplest basis of human good - that is being honest, keeping promises, doing the job well, and not stealing. Ethics had become popular in studying philosophy even during the ancient times. Furthermore, it has been continuously studied and given as much attention since it plays a major role in the formation of man's personality and the society as well where man is a member of. The role of man in the society, therefore, made ethics an important issue that needs to be given as much attention. Since ethics is generally an extensive theme, philosophers break it into several branches that cater to the different aspects of life. Some of these branches of ethics are business ethics, medical ethics, educational ethics, law and order ethics, and so on. Depending on the nature of the ethical branch, a set of codes are identified. Computer Ethics A. History In the 1940's, during the World War II, MIT professor Norbert Wiener saw the social and ethical consequences concerning the technologies used at that time. Therefore, he decided to create a new field of research he called "cybernetics" - the science of information feedback system. He was well aware even before the atomic

Online vs Brick and Mortar Essay Example for Free

Online vs Brick and Mortar Essay In today’s world, everyone is always so busy and sometimes there is just not enough time in the day to get all your work done. Technology is changing to make everything in our lives easier; like the way we pay bills, online banking, find information, get reviews, order tickets, and so much more. One thing that technology has changed that is beneficial for everyone is the way we shop. Brick-and-mortar has always existed, but now with online shopping it has become a competition to the old-fashioned way. Most people spend their days at work, then come home to clean, cook dinner, help the children with homework, and get them ready for bed. With all that going on people sometimes forget things that they were supposed to do. So now instead of bothering to go to the store, you can comfortably sit on the couch and shop for what you need without all the hassle. Online shopping is becoming more popular these days, because you can now get anything you want without leaving your home, it has many benefits, different sale opportunities, but there are also some inconveniences. When you are at the store, have you ever experienced one of those annoying and eager sales people trying to pressure you to buy a certain product that you have no interest in or just looking at? When shopping online you will not experience that problem any more. Online shopping has many advantages that benefit everyone, which going to the traditional store does not offer. Now you do not have to leave your home when you want to go to the store. You will not be wasting money on the gas to get there and back. Also when you shop online you never have to worry about the Internet closing (Top 10 Benefits Of Online Shopping, 2013). Stores have a closing time, except Wal-Mart, and if you don’t make it before closing you are out of luck until the next day. You will not have to worry about if the store is busy or if the lines will be long, because it will only be you on your computer. Online shopping is perfect if your town or state does not have the store that you love to shop at. Now you can get on the computer and still shop there without all the travel time. The best thing about online shopping is that there is normally more selection (Top 10 Benefits Of Online Shopping, 2013). If you went to the store already and if they did not have what you wanted any more, you could go online and there are normally more or different products you can pick from. Another benefit to online shopping is sending gifts (Top 10 Benefits Of Online Shopping, 2013). If your friends or relatives live in a different state, instead of mailing a gift you can go online, buy the item, and have them ship it to the recipient’s home. When shopping online compared to going to the store, you will receive different promotion or discount opportunities. Instead of going to all the stores checking for the best price on a certain item, you can easily look at all the stores online without all the extra work (Top 10 Benefits Of Online Shopping, 2013). Unlike shopping in the store, when shopping online you can Google discount codes for that store and save more money with the codes they offer. If you find yourself online shopping at the same store frequently it would be a good idea to sign up for their e-mail list. You will receive weekly codes free shipping and deals online that they do not normally have in the stores. Online shopping is marvelous to look at other people’s reviews on the product you are about to buy (Top 10 Benefits Of Online Shopping, 2013). If there are terrible reviews, you will save money by not choosing the poorly reviewed item. That benefit is not offered when shopping in the store. There are always inconveniences to trying to buy things online that you would not experience if you went to the store. If you are trying to buy clothing or shoes, you will have to know what your size is or you could order the wrong one. Most stores very in sizes, so it is not wise to order online if you are not familiar with your size from that particular store. When shopping for things like furniture or home dà ©cor, it may be hard to tell the size or exact color so when you get that item you may not like it in person. If you were shopping online for lotion, perfume, or makeup you may not like the scent, color, or feel of that product, but if you went to the store you would not deal with problem like that. Another thing that causes inconveniences is the shipping costs and the amount shopping time (Advantage Disadvantage Of Shopping Online, 1993). Instead of wasting gas money, you have to spend money shipping the products to your house, and it could take days to get there. At that point you are only saving mileage on your car. When shopping online it will be important to know the return policy of that specific store, because all the stores are different. If you order something online, and you cannot return the item you are stuck with it no matter what (Advantage Disadvantage Of Shopping Online, 1993). Also there can be an issue of not having a credit card. If you are the type of person who chooses not to have one, then you cannot order items online. If you go shopping at the store you have the option of paying by cash, check, or credit card. If you do have a credit card and order online then you have to worry about identity theft and making sure that website has a secure checkout (Advantage Disadvantage Of Shopping Online, 1993). Technology will continue to expand, help make our lives easier, and create less of a hassle. Brick and mortar will always be a way to shop, but online shopping will continue to grow and become more popular as technology adapts to the future. When you online shop it makes your shopping time easier and shorter compared to brick-and-mortar shopping. You would not have to bother getting ready or driving there, you could sit in the comfort of your own home while ordering the items you need without leaving your home. Although brick-and-mortar shopping is better to actually see, touch, and try what you will buy, which is something online shopping does not offer (Advantage Disadvantage Of Shopping Online, 1993). When shopping online it is easy to quickly find a coupon to save you some money, which is another thing you can’t do in the store. Online or brick and mortar shopping, everyone has their own preference.

Delay Aware Multipath Switching Zone Traversal (MSZT)

Delay Aware Multipath Switching Zone Traversal (MSZT) Delay Aware Multipath Switching Zone Traversal (MSZT) Approach for MANET Abstract Route discovery and data transmission in Mobile Ad-Hoc networks (MANETs) are the key procedures which influence the performance of the network. The data transmission through the discovered route with in minimum delay is considered as a major problem in the MANET. Hence this paper proposed an approach called Multipath Switching Zone Traversal (MSZT) approach to minimize average delay. In this approach, the broadcast has been converged to two zones after the initial broadcasting in order to minimize the broadcast delay. Based on the data size and the Time to Live (TTL), the data transmission is initiated via multipath or single path. Game theory approach (GTA) is a powerful mathematical tool for analyzing the strategic communications among several decision makers. Hence this paper utilizes the GTA for switching the path between inter-zonal and intra-zonal nodes for different source data to provide a successful data transmission. The simulation results show that the approach is efficien t in terms of delay, packet delivery ratio, and localization error when compared to the existing approaches. Keywords: Routing, MANET, MSZT, game theory approach, delay 1. Introduction A multi-hop wireless Ad hoc network (MANET) is composed of mobile nodes, which can communicate without any aid of centralized Infrastructure (T.Durga , 2015) The demand of different multimedia applications such as surveillance system and video on demand service over MANET has been increasing rapidly in recent years. However, it is not easy to support the data transmission according to the end-to-end delay requirements over MANETs. A number of routing protocols have been proposed for Ad hoc mobile networks to improve the QoS ((K.S.Dinesh , 2014). Most of the routing protocols use the minimum hop numbers as a metric of route cost while taking routing decisions. However they ignore the some important link capacity properties because of simplicity and ease of implementation. Each node in the network may have different traffic load and hence, nodes which have more active neighbors may experience more collisions (Rakesh Kumar, et, al., 2010). Uncertainly some of the over loaded nodes may fall on the minimum hop route, it may considerably introduce a longer delay, even though the number of nodes in the chosen route is minimum. In addition, if some of the over loaded nodes are congested; it may result in huge packet drop rates and consequent retransmission. This may increase the end – to – end delay between two end points. Thus in this paper Multipath Switching Zone Traversal (MSZT) routing approach has been proposed in order to reduce average delay. The approach reduces the number of broadcast after the initial broadcast in the network. Multipath data transmission is enabled based on the TTL and the data size. The game theory approach is used to switch the path between inter-zonal and intra-zonal nodes for different source data, which is a powerful mathematical tool. The path switching while during the data transmission provides a successful data transmission by checking the path availability. Thus this approach enhance the QoS demanded MANET applications The rest of the paper is organized as follows: Section 2 presents the recent related work on the delay aware MANET. Section 3 describes the system model of the proposed Multipath Switching Zone Traversal (MSZT) routing approach. The explanation of the Multipath Switching Zone Traversal (MSZT) routing approach is presented in the section 4. Section 5 describes the simulation results. Finally, section 6 renders the conclusion 2. Related Work (Saad M. Adam, et, al., 2013) presents an reactive routing protocols overview in terms of QoS requirements in MANET. Due to the requirements has been fulfilled for the commercial, real-time, and multimedia applications in MANET. The delay has been considered as one of the important QoS metric to satisfy the application requirements. The delay optimization approach has been presented by the authors (Syed Jalal Ahmad, et, al., 2015) for multimedia application in MANET. The Knapsack algorithm is used for buffer management to maximize and minimize the in order and out order packets simultaneously. The buffer internals are exploited and the adjusting the buffer usage dynamically makes the node to transmit the packet in the preferred order to its successive nodes. The simulation results show that the approach transmits multimedia data packet without loss and in minimum delay. (K. Sasikala,et, al., 2014) proposed the finite state machine for queue and transmission management mechanism to minimize the packet delay time in MANET. Information about the delay for each data flow in the queue is maintained in a node. A timer is fixed to each flow in a node and it has been updated dynamically. Based on the nodes characteristics the queue is controlled to minimize the packet delay. (Obaidat, M, et, al., 2011) proposes a multipath routing protocol for MANETs. The protocol establishes the route, which having the lowest delays relied upon the communication of various layers. The performance of the protocol is compared with the AODV and AOMDV. (V. R. Budyal and S. S. Manvi, 2013) presents a clever agent based on-demand QoS routing methodology in MANET. The intelligent agent utilizes the neuro-fuzzy logic aided by Q-learning. The DSR protocol has been enhanced to discover all the multiple paths and the condition of the path from source to destination. The fuzzy membership function has been optimized by the software agents and if then rules are made to take decision in the system. A cross layer design is made for delay concerned Node Disjoint Multipath AODV in Ad Hoc Network by the author (GawasMahadev A, et,al., 2014). The channel and link information has been obtained by applying the cross layer design between the MAC and routing layer. The path status has been updated subsequently by concerning the lowest delay attained at each intermediate node. The protocol is compared with the AODV and NMDR and it perform better than the other two in terms of routing overhead and packet delivery ratio. 3. Multipath Switching Zone Traversal (MSZT) The Multipath Switching Zone traversal routing approach is proposed in this paper to minimize the average delay in the network. The approach is implemented after the initial broadcast from the source. The MSZT is composed of two parts such as route discovery and path switching. 3.1 Route Discovery During the initial broadcast the source node obtains the information about the location of the destination node by using the GPS service. After the initial broadcast, the source node divides its communication range into four equal zones for further broadcasting. The node broadcast the RREQ message through one or at most 2 zones, where the broadcast should be destination oriented zone based on the location information of the destination node. Only one node must be selected in each zone for forwarding the broadcast. Alike the source node, the forwarding node also divides its communication range into four equal zones and forward the broadcast in the same manner. The process will take place until the destination node is reached. Before the data transmission via the shortest path, the Expected Transmission Time (ETT) and the TTL value has to be estimated to enable multipath through the different zones in order of increasing the packet delivery factor (PDF). Expected Transmission Time (ETT) is the time taken for transmitting a data packet successfully to the destination. The ETT is estimated based on the data size of a packet. (1) Here ETX is the expected transmission count i.e. expected number of transmissions that a node needs to transmit a packet successfully to a neighbor. The ETX can be estimated as follows (2) Where dforward is the received probes from a A dreverse is the received probes from B Where t is the average time a single data packet requires to be delivered and the t can be estimated as follows (3) The maximum Time to Live (TTL) is a timer data part in the IP header which specifies RREQ packet life time before it is discarded (Cheng-Yuan Ho,et, al., 2007). All the RREQ fields in its route cache have been maintained in order to find the route minimum Time to Live (TTL) value after TTL time expires and the information about the TTL is available in the RREP packet. If the ETT is greater than the TTL, then the packets are fragmented and then the packet has been transmitted over the multiple paths. 3.2 Path Switching Algorithm based on the Game theory Approach Game theory is a mathematical tool for analyzing and estimating how a person behaves in strategic situations. The game is composed of three fundamental components: a set of players, a set of strategies, and a set of payoffs. Nodes (players) are the decision takers in the game. The strategies are the various options available to nodes such as (TTL, node availability) (Badr Benmammar, Francine Krief, 2014). At last the utility function (payoffs) make a choice of all possible outcomes for each player. The components of the proposed game theory approach are given in the table 1. Table 1Components of the proposed Game Theory Approach After each transmission, the next hop zonal node must update the path availability (zone availability) to its predecessor node. The competition is between the multiple paths available between the source nodes to the destination node. After each successful data transmission the payoff is considered such as the availability and the TTL in order to stay on the same path otherwise path is switched to the next highest probability value of the available path. For each available path a probability value is estimated and it is formulated as follows (4) Here the total hops is the number of hops in the path and the not available hops is the number of hop which is not available for next data transmission due to the reason â€Å"the node is available for other source node in the network†. This information is updated to the source after each successful transmission. The proposed path switching algorithm based on the game theory approach is shown in the figure 1. Figure 1 Path switching algorithm based on the game theory approach 5. Simulation Results The proposed Multipath Switching Zone Traversal (MSZT) routing approach make an effort to minimize average end to end delay to enhance the network performance. The NS2 simulation has been adopted to evaluate the performance of the MSZT approach and the simulation setup is shown in the table 2. The performance of the MSZT is compared with other existing approach such as Zone Tree Routing (ZTR), Path State Routing (PSR). The metrics used to measure the performance of the proposed approach are broadcast delay, localization error and packet delivery factor. Table 2 Simulation Setup A. Performance metrics Broadcast Delay: Broadcasting is the fundamental process where the probe transmission from the source to all other forwarding nodes to arrive at the destination. The broadcast delay is the difference between the packet receiving time (prt) by destination and the packet transmitted time (ptt) from the source node. (5) Localization Error: Localization error (LE) is accounted as a one of the performance metric in the scattered network and it yields the LE of a node. (6) Where EMax is the maximum LE (7) (8) Where a is the radius based on the communication range of node i in a network model and it can be determined as follows (9) Where N is the number of nodes A is the area of the network and is the connectivity order ie the number of neighbor nodes linked to the node i The average value of LE for a network can be determined as follows (10) Packet Delivery Factor Packet delivery factor is defined as the ratio of the number of packet arrived at the destinations to those transmitted data packets by the source. (11) B. Discussion In the proposed approach the broadcast delay has been minimized by converging the broadcasting to one or at most two zones. The nodes distance increases then the broadcast delay increases simultaneously. Figure 2 shows the broadcast delay concerning the distance. The broadcast delay attained by the proposed MSZT for 10 m distance is 15 ms, while the PSR and the ZTR incurred 16ms, 19ms. Figure2 Broadcast delay The localization is directed in our approach by broadcasting towards the destination oriented zones after the initial broadcast. The increase in distance between the nodes affects the localization error. Figure 3 shows the localization error concerned with the distance. The localization error attained by the proposed MSZT for 10 m distance is 2%, while PSR and ZTR attained 16%, 18%. Figure 3 Localization error The multipath switching algorithm in the proposed approach improves the packet delivery factor by considering the TTL and path availability. When the number of group (paths) involved in the data packet transmission increases then the packet delivery factor (PDF) will decrease. While in the proposed a minimum number of zones have been utilized than the existing methods in the network. Figure 4 shows the packet delivery considering the number of groups. For 2 groups the proposed approach MSZT acquired 0.94, while the PSR and ZTR incurred 0.91, 0.83. Figure 4 Packet Delivery Factor 6. Conclusion This paper proposes a Multipath Switching Zone Traversal (MSZT) routing approach for achieving a minimum average delay in a network. The number of broadcast has been converged to two zones after initial broadcast in order to minimize the broadcast delay. Multiple paths have been selected through different nodes presents in different zone. While during data transmission the TTL and the data size has been checked to provide a successful data transmission with minimum transmission delay. Furthermore a game theory approach based path switching algorithm has been proposed after each successful data transmission to improve the delay metric for each data transmission. The simulation results show that the proposed routing approach performs better than the existing approaches in terms of Localization error, broadcast delay and Packet delivery factor References 1.Syed Jalal Ahmada , V.S.K. Reddyb, A. Damodaramc and P. RadhaKrishnad, â€Å" Delay optimization using Knapsack algorithm for multimedia traffic over MANETs†, Expert Systems with Applications, Elsevier, vol 42, issue 20, pages 6819-6827. 2. K. Sasikala, Dr. R. S. D. Wahidabanu, â€Å" Adaptive packet scheduling technique to minimize the packet delay time in MANET by maintaining a Queue for each flow through FSM Mechanism†, Journal of Convergence Information Technology(JCIT), Vol 9, No 3, 2014. 3. Saad M. Adam , Rosilah Hassan, â€Å"Delay aware Reactive Routing Protocols for QoS in MANETs: a Review†, Journal of Applied Research and Technology, Elsevier, vol 11, issue 6, pages 844-850, 2013. 4. Obaidat M, Ali M.A, Obaidat M.S, Obeidat S, Shahwan I, â€Å"A Novel Multipath Routing Protocol for MANETs†, International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing (WiCOM), pages 1-6, 2011. 5. Cheng-Yuan Ho, Yaw-Chung Chen, and Cheng-Yun Ho, â€Å"Improving Performance of Delay-Based TCPs with Rerouting†, International conference on Communication letters, IEEE, vol 11, no 1, 2007. 6. Badr Benmammar, Francine Krief, â€Å"Game theory applications in wireless networks: A survey† International Conference on Software Engineering, Applications of Information Systems in Engineering and Bioscience, 2014. 7. V. R. Budyal and S. S. Manvi, â€Å"Intelligent Agent Based Delay Aware QoS Unicast Routing in Mobile Ad hoc Networks†, International Journal of Multimedia and Ubiquitous Engineering, vol 8, no 1, 2013. 8. GawasMahadev A, Gudino, Lucy J, Anupama K. R, Rodrigues, Joseph, â€Å"A Cross-Layer Delay-Aware Node Disjoint Multipath Routing Algorithm For Mobile Ad Hoc Networks†, International Journal of Wireless Mobile Networks, vol 6, issue 3, page 39, 2014. 11. K.S.Dinesh , â€Å"Routing Overhead Reduction and Selection of Stable Paths in MANET†, International Journal of Inventions in Computer Science and Engineering (IJICSE), vol 1, issue 9, pages 2348-3539, 2014. 12. T.Durga , â€Å"Maximizing the Network Lifetime by Using a Mobile Aware Topology Control Algorithm in MANET†, Journal of Recent Research in Engineering and Technology, pages 2349-2252, vol 2, issue 3, 2015. 13. Rakesh Kumar, Manoj Misra and Anil K. Sarje, â€Å"A Simplified Analytical Model for End-To-End Delay Analysis in MANET†, International Journal Computer Application (IJCA), no 4, article 6, 2010.

Rebellion in The Handmaids Tale by Margaret Atwood Essay -- Rebel The

Rebellion in The Handmaids Tale by Margaret Atwood 'Rebel' is a term, which is highly weighed down with emotion. In society today we perceive a rebel to be a figure opposing a much stronger majority. We distinguish the rebel to be a character who fights for his/her own ideals. We see a person that will do anything almost being ruthless to destroy the boundaries set up against him/her by the stronger mass. We witness the rebel as an individual who deliberately defines a battlefield and two fighting fronts. The rebel is constantly is resisting. The only way he/she can defend his morals and values are to strike the greater that condemns his/her values and morals. Unfortunately today there are many misconceptions and preconceptions relating to the essence of a true rebel. Society tends to comprehend the rebel to be figure fighting on the front lines, spilling blood for his cause. Especially the media has delivered this image of a rebel. We must acknowledge the fact there are other forms of rebels and rebellions. It is not fair to say that the form of rebel that is described above is not valid, but still we must make a suitable distinction. We must not always consider the rebel to be an individual like 'William Wallace' who fought for his country's independence by using violence as his primary weapon. In the course of history we have witnessed another category of rebels. Characters such as Mahatma Ghandi, Dr. Martin Luther King and Emmeline Pankhurst all gave birth to another form of rebel, the rebel that fought for his values passively. They did not confront the enemy with the sword but with words. The novel 'The Handmaids Tale' by Margaret Atwood tells the story of a near future oppressive society govern... ...poke out against them in the loudest voice possible. Offred's cassettes did more than just speak her voice. I feel that the true reason why Offred did not assign her name is because she wanted to speak universally. Offred wanted to speak in the name of all handmaids. In studying Offred's rebellion we can see that she suffered an internal conflict. Offred's plight is always human as well as ideological. She wanted to rebel but at the same time she was scared of loosing herself in the process. Offred had to win the conflict within her before she could start the external battle. Offred won this conflict and decided that her humanity was the risk for a great cause, love. 'As long as women consent to be unjustly governed, they will be; but directly women say: "We withhold our consent," we will not be governed any longer as long as government is unjust.'

Crime in Brave New World: What Constitutes Crime?

The novel Brave New World by Aldous Huxley was a satirical book that criticized human trends and created, according to the present course of human development, an ideal society, where everyone belongs to a particular social class which they are unable to escape.In this regulated society, certain aspects of life are considered sinful, and regarded as crime, and are forbidden from even being brought up in social settings. But one of Huxley’s most serious crimes in his novel is that of family loyalty. The Utopia and its PoliciesThe scenario described in the book was that of a utopia, but it was only so in that everyone adhered strictly to certain policies. There was little freedom, or room for rebellion or even modest social exploration in this scenario, as such engagements could challenge the state, which endeavored to keep everything in place. This meant to appease the state, everyone would have lead a bland life with little social freedom and hardly any civil liberties, and th ey were to perform the duty the state had given them.The future society, which in this book takes place in London during the year 2540 AD, is built around certain ideals which are represented time and again by the conformation of people to the ideology created. Crime as Something that Contradicts State Informal crime is represented by anything that goes against the ideals of the society.The society is The World State, where everything is peaceful and coordinated, so long as everyone follows their given life directions (which are actually more like instructions, or restrictions on anything other than what each was intended to do).The state is stable as everyone works in accord with it, but doing so means that everyone must realize basic social restrictions, which, in the actual world, would often be privileges. Conformity and tacit and constantly expressed consent to this society are imperative parts of its existence, as it draws from every person within it.The World State’s C onformity Requirement, and Assembly Line Structure The World State uses a definite class system, and from young ages, children are taught to except the given class they were born into, as it was best for them.In the novel, the year the book takes place in is the â€Å"year of our Ford, 632,† which is taken from the Ford motor company and its assembly line technique. This technique is applied to the public in The World State, as everyone is supposed to do their part, and not doing so, or exploring any alternatives to someone’s given and directed path of life represents that person’s committing a crime. Anything that could challenge conformity, or this assembly line lifestyle is crime in this society.Sexual exploration, or even talk of such taboos as pregnancy and drugs are examples of crimes, as they are mentally stimulating, which seems to be the basic component of all crime. But the biggest crime might be adherence to family. Families inevitably create loyalty. This takes the loyalty of the individual to the state away, and gives it to other individuals. Alliance is wrong, because alliance represents loyalty to some entity other than the state, which only exists by collecting everyone’s undisputed loyalty.Savages: Those who Manage to Break Away or Avoid the Restrictive State â€Å"‘Wanted to have a look at the savages. Got a permit for New Mexico and went there for my summer holiday. With the girl I was having at the moment. She was a Beta-Minus, and I think’ (he shut his eyes), ‘I think she had yellow hair.Anyhow she was pneumatic, particularly pneumatic; I remember that,’† Huxley’s director stated at one point, illuminating the fact that people who have and exercise free will, and do as they please by living outside of the Utopia, are savages (chapter six section two).At the same time as he is explaining his trip to the savage reservation, he is designating aspects of The World State, as the girl he is describing was not actually he daughter, but only implemented by the state to be so. She was predestined to follow his line of life.Instead of natural pregnancy, citizens of the utopia use pregnancy substitutes, which are medical procedures that impregnate women without the assistance of men. The closest thing to any sort of rebellion citizens of The World State have access to is the drug soma, which intoxicates in a sort of technical way.There are no dangerous side effects, and this makes it somehow conform with the ideal society. Breaking Away from and Taking from the Brainwashing Society: The Ultimate Crime Because the society described in Brave New World is one where societal brainwashing (usually exercised by sleep education, or hypnopaedia) is commonplace, people believe that the state is best for them. Alternatives to the state are therefore commonly discouraged, although education can ultimately allow freedom from this restricting society, and allow people to enj oy aspects of the peaceful life of savages.â€Å"Education for freedom must begin by stating facts and enunciating values, and must go on to develop appropriate techniques for realizing the values and for combating those who, for whatever reason, choose to ignore the facts or deny the values,† Huxley wrote in Brave New World Revisited, in chapter eleven (1958). But because the society taught the same values to everyone according to their class, education beyond those values was considered an act of rebellion, and was therefore deemed criminal.Such education allowed for people to recognize, and possibly embrace loyalties to entities other than The World State, which would lead to the destruction of the state. And even basic loyalties, such as those amongst families or friends, took some of every individual’s allegiance to the state, which, in Brave New World, constituted the most serious of crimes, discouraged by the state by expulsion from a not so perfect utopia.Bibli ographyHuxley, Aldous. Brave New World. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1946. Huxley, Aldous. Brave New World Revisited. New York.